Theories of learning free essay sample

Introduction:Theories of learning have been developed, argued and challenged extensively over the past century and yet we can continue to debate which method of teaching encourages the most effective learning.Throughout the 1900s psychologists and educators have developed learning theories from observations, research and an innate curiosity to know more about how and why children learn in different ways.The act of learning has been described in countless ways by countless people both past and present. However, it is the process of how exactly children learn that usually sparks the most fascinating discussions.From a number of psychologists and theorists, in a little over the last century we have come to learn that there are many different types of learning and teaching styles. In the following essay we will look at some constructivists theories and how these methods differ and how each can be applied and put into practice in an early years setting. Constructivism:Constructivism is a theory about knowledge and learning. It describes both what knowing is and how one comes to know (Fosnot, 2004). It is a learning theory found in psychology which explains how people might acquire knowledge and learn and it has a direct application to education (Sydney.edu.au, 2018). It is an approach to teaching and learning based on the idea that learning is the result of mental construction, meaning that students learn by fitting new information together with what they knew previously (Deiner, 2010). The constructivist theory aims to allow the student the freedom to use their own thoughts, curiosity and motivation to learn. The teacher or director acts mostly as a facilitator to the needs of the learner, the learner occupies the top position rather than the teacher. Hands-on, project-based and task-based learning are just a few applications that base teaching and learning on constructivism.Piaget:In the past constructivist ideas were not highly valued due to peoples beliefs that a childs play was aimless and of little importance, Piaget was one of the first to disagree with these old-style views. He thought that play was necessary for a childs cognitive development, he went on to provide scientific evidence for his views and today constructivist theories influence how people teach and learn all over the world (Boy and Pine, 1999).He believed that thinking is in a way an extension of biological adaptation. The two basic processes of the mechanism are accommodation and assimilation. Accommodation occurs when a child adjusts or alters their way of thinking to make sense of new information that they cannot explain by their existing way of thinking. Assimilation occurs when they incorporate new information into existing information (Sheehy, 2006).Before psychologists such as John Dewey and Jean Piaget articulated the idea of constructivism, teaching methods relied heavily on behaviourists theories such as that of Skinner or Pavlov. Teaching was very much a practice of finding an action that could cause a reaction in a student causing said student to behave in a manner that the teacher deemed appropriate. Learning was through didactic measures and rote learning. Piaget is one of the first to encourage the move from behaviourism to constructivism in teaching and still has a huge impact on how we as teachers learn to teach todayPiaget believed that people constructed new information from past knowledge and experiences (Robins, 2012). He believed that intellectual growth is continuous he also believed that certain mental abilities were stronger at certain stages of development. He developed four stages of cognitive development and believed that every person would go through each stage at some point, he also believed that everyone would pass through the stages in the same order but at a different time. His four stages of cognitive development are:†¢ The sensory motor stage. Piaget believed this stage of development took place between the ages of birth and two years. It is known as the action stage and occurs before language is developed.†¢ The Pre-operational stage: This stage is when the child is between the ages of two and seven years old. The key feature of this stage is a childs egocentrism. During this time Piaget believed a child cannot yet take other peoples points of view into consideration.†¢ The Concrete Operational Stage: This occurs when the child is between the ages of seven and eleven years old. During this stage the egocentrism declines and the child matures, and they learn to cooperate with others.†¢ The Formal Operational stage: The last and final stage in Piagets theory is when the child is between the ages of 11 and 15 or 16. Piaget believed that a child was capable of the highest level of thinking.Paget did not believe in forcing information on children while they passively sat in the classroom but instead thought the learning experience should be shared. He believed the role of the teacher should be to guide the students and recommended that teachers play an active mentoring role in the classroom. He believed it was important that children should learn not only from the guidance of the teacher but also their peers. He also thought that making mistakes was a key factor in a childs learning experience, he believed that children learn a huge amount about the world from trial and error (Schlinger, 1995). Montessori:Maria Montessori first qualified as a doctor and it was while she was working in a psychiatric clinic after she qualified that she developed her interest in education. Her interest was originally peeked by children with learning difficulties. While working with these children she developed a methodology which she believed would address the learning needs of all children. In 1907 Montessori opened her first Childrens House, the very famous Casa Dei Bambini. Montessori used her own materials in the childrens house that she had developed while working with children with learning or developmental difficulties. She adopted innovative approaches to pedagogy, the curriculum and the layout of the classroom. From her observations in the classroom she developed a precise and insightful analysis of the potential of each child when using her resources (Biography of Dr. Maria Montessori | Montessori Australia Foundation, 2018). Over time she developed her own methodology through observing how children acquired and understood information.Maria Montessori based her method on a few key components.†¢ Respect for the child- She believed that adults seldom if ever, truly respected a child. As adults we tend to force information onto a child without taking their individual learning needs into consideration. Montessori developed her method to allow each child to have choices which she believed would promote independent learning (O Donnell, 2013).†¢ The Absorbent Mind – Montessori believed that all children had an innate capacity to learn and the teacher or directress is just the facilitator of this learning. She believed that a stimulating classroom layout, her materials and blocks of uninterrupted time to learn would allow students to gain the most from their learning experiences.†¢ Sensitive Periods – Montessori believed that there were certain times during a childs development where they were more receptive to learning new skills. It is the role of the directress to observe when a sensitive period is occurring and provide the correct materials and environment to accommodate the childs learning.†¢ The prepared environment – A Montessori classroom is aesthetically pleasing to both a child and an adult. It is organized in a manner which allows the child access to the materials they want or need to use at different times and it presents the materials in an orderly format to the students.†¢ Autoeducation – Montessori believed that children can educate themselves. It is the role of the teacher to provide an environment that allows a child the freedom to educate themselves. Montessori also had planes of development, she divided her stages into age brackets and made guidelines of what typically occurs during each stage.†¢ Birth to Age 6 -This is often considered the most important time of a childs development. The foundation for everything a child will learn is laid at this time. At this point a child absorbs information and is learning to organize themselves physically. During the first half of this developmental plane, zero to three, the child is absorbing information effortlessly and unconsciously and during the second part of the plane, three to six, the child is consciously learning new information. Montessori believes that learning this huge amount of information is made easier by the sensitive periods.†¢ Ages 6 to 12 – During this period Montessori believes that the absorbent mind has come to an end and now students are learning through logic and reasoning. At this age the child is naturally curious about everything, inquisitive an eager to learn. They are also developing their conscience and learning between right and wrong.†¢ Ages 12 to 18 – At this age the student is busy constructing their social self. They are becoming more independent and are looking to find their own place in the society.†¢ Ages 18–24 – Montessori believed at this point in the young adults life they are busy constructing self-understanding. They have developed physically, emotionally, morally and ethnically and are now questioning who they are and where they belong as people in society.The links between Jean Piaget and Maria Montessori. The theories of both Piaget and Montessori were revolutionary for their time and became greatly respected in later years. From the beginning we can see obvious links between Piaget and Montessori, although he was a psychologist and she an educationalist there are many shared ideas between the two. He was twenty-six years younger than her and during his early career he carried out observations in one of her schools and was also president of the Swiss Montessori society so perhaps it is not surprising that they share some of the same ideologies. Both believed that children construct their own knowledge, they both agreed that children were not just adults in small bodies and learn in different ways. Both proposed that children develop in sequence and both developed their own stages of development. Although Piaget and Montessori were similar in their thinking, they had very different approaches to teaching. While Montessori believed that children learned the most in her first development al plane, 0-6, Piaget believed that no real learning takes place before a child turns seven. The developmental process:Piagets stages of development can be compared to Montessoris planes of development. Although there are many differences between them the initial idea is very similar. Both theories of development can also be witnessed in classrooms everywhere today.The initial phase of each of the developmental stages is concerned with the sensory development of a child. In almost all early years classrooms learning is enhanced by sensory play. It may be a sensory corner in the classroom, a common area or activities carried out throughout the day, but sensory materials are a huge part of a childs developmental process at this age.Look at a toddler room in almost any early years setting, at the very least they have a sand and water tray for children to experiment with different textures and materials. The will have mirrors for the child to grasp the concept of their own reflection and give them the freedom to explore their own facial features. There are songs and nursery rhymes as well as shakers or musical instruments. The whole room will be full of interesting colourful materials which appeal to one or more of a childs senses encouraging sensory stimulation for learning. Another example of sensory materials can be seen when a child is developing writing skills in the classroom. Montessori developed the sandpaper letters for a child to experience the letter, not just see it but feel it. A child uses their finger to trace the letter ever before beginning to form the letter with a pencil on paper. In a typical classroom of this age, one which does not follow Montessoris method, we can still find similar ideas showing us that Piaget and Montessori were correct in that children learn through their senses. In my current classroom just one example I use are salt trays with coloured paper underneath the salt and when the child forms the letter the colour paper is exposed. The child becomes familiar with the letter and how to from it correctly.The environment:Piaget and Montessori agreed that a childs environment was a very influential factor in their development. Piagets theory stressed the need for children to be actively involved in constructing knowledge of their physical environment (Piaget, 1952) and Montessori believed that a prepared environment would facilitate maximum independent learning.Today both these concepts are a part of daily school life. In the past a classroom was designed to have rows of desks all facing a teacher, now however we are aware that the environment stimulates the students, that giving the opportunity to choose the method of learning we see better academic results.A few aspects of both theorists are evident in most classrooms today whether we realise it. Most teachers in the early years sector and the beginning years of primary school set up their classrooms to have areas.

Tesco strategic planning of information system

Executive Summary The main purpose of this company wide strategic plan for information systems is to provide a 5-year vision of the company development of the information systems. This would be in line with the company’s main aim of integrating the information systems to ensure that the company continues to grow both locally and internationally.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tesco: strategic planning of information system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This plan provides a strategy through which the company will undertake to develop its information systems. It entails the improvement of the existing systems to enable it to gather information accurately from the other branches worldwide. The strategic planning of the information systems will help the company in meeting the needs of the information systems in line with its growth strategy. Through the strategic planning of the information systems, we in tend to integrate the newly acquires or opened stores into the organization. The strategic planning of the information systems therefore involves all the branches, which the company currently has and the branches which it intends to open in the future. Background and assumptions The top management of different organizations for a long time ignored the idea of the strategic planning for the management systems. They used to undertake the strategic planning of all the other aspects of the business and ignored the strategic planning of the information systems. However, information systems are a very important aspect of any organization. Tesco usually attaches great importance to the information systems of the organization. It has undertaken many developments in its information systems. The point of sale continues to be an effective and innovative way through which the organization reaches out to its customers needs. Tesco therefore seeks to increase the number of point sale centers so a s to reach a wide range of people. The company also intends to open many other points of sale centers, which are not attached to any of the chain stores. Some of the point of sale centers will be in areas where the company is yet to open its branches. The company intends to use the information on the sales from the centers to determine whether it would be viable to open a branch in the areas or not. Mission statement To make Tesco be the leading company in the UK and globally in integration of information systems in all its activities.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goals and objectives To improve on the data collection from the point of sale To effectively analyze and collect data from the sale from tesco.com To increase the information systems data through installation of necessary hardware to capture the information systems Remote environment The remote environment refe rs to the aspects, which affect the company, but the company has no control over them. These include economic, social, political, and technological factors. The company has to clearly understand the factors and hence make the necessary adjustments to enable it to cope with the situations brought about by the factors. Economic factors Economic conditions greatly affect our activities. The UK has recently been affected by the financial crisis that has made many businesses to cut back on their expenses so as to protect its interests. However, even with the financial crisis, Tesco managed to post a nice profit. However, the company continues to be affected by the financial crisis. Political factors Tesco has branches in many different countries. Some of the countries are third world countries in Africa. In some of the countries where the company has its operations, the company must factor in the ISSP various political situations. Social factors The strategic planning of the information systems tends to capture the different types of spending of different people. The current population of the UK has many people who are aged. The aged usually have much more money to spend as they have accumulated their savings. This phenomenon is expected to increase in the foreseeable future. The company should therefore ensure that it benefits from the situation by creating products that suit these people.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tesco: strategic planning of information system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technological factors The retail industry is currently faced with stiff technological advancements. Various products are developed by the other competitors. Most of the products and innovations are mainly aimed at retaining the customers. The company therefore needs to be vigilant in the technological development of its products to cope with the stiff competition effectively. Industry environment The industry environment is well understood by looking at the porter’s five forces model for Tesco. The risk of entry by new competitors For any retailer that intends to enter in the UK market, the retailer must first analyze the risks posed by the retaliation of the other companies, which are already in existence. The recent acquisition of Asda by walmart, a US based retail chain store will have the effect of increasing the competition in the retail market industry (Lang and Heasman 2004 p 165). In addition, the acquisition of Safeway by Morrison is also expected to increase the competition considerably (Griffiths and Bingham 2003) Rivalry among companies in the retail industry The UK retail industry is characterized by four major retail companies, which share a large percentage of the market. The companies are Tesco, Asda/Walmart, Morrisons/Safeway, and Sainsbury. Together these companies share over 80 percent of the sales of household goods and groceries (Great Britain: P arliament: House of Commons: Communities and Local Government Committee 2009 p 128). However, Tesco is the leading company in the industry. The presence of four major retail companies therefore shows that there is a stiff competition in the industry. Bargaining power of buyers The customers in the retail industry have the ability to choose the prices of the products from different retail outlets, even the ones that are competing against each other. However, Tesco‘s club card membership ensures that the customers are loyal to the company and do not go to the other companies. Bargaining power of suppliers Tesco usually reaches a wider number of customers in the areas in which it operates. The goods in most of the shelves of the company are usually from big suppliers. Tesco usually gives the shelf space to the large suppliers. These suppliers ensure that the company gets maximum profit per unit space in the shelves of the products.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This arrangement usually makes the small companies to face difficulty in ensuring that their products are on the shelf of the company, as the small firms cannot effectively compete for shelf space with the large companies. However, Tesco sources some of its products from small suppliers. Most of these products are mainly farm produce e.g. poultry products, dairy products. Closeness of substitutes Most of the products that Tesco offers usually have their substitutes. Therefore, to ensure that the substitutes are not selected by the customers leaving the products of which Tesco sells, Tesco ensures that the products it sells are at a lower price compared to the substitutes that are in the market. The pricing of the substitute products in the market usually determines the profit margins that the company will get through the sale of the products. If the substitute products are at a lower price, the company is automatically forced to reduce the price of its products so that the product m ay effectively compete with the substitute products. SWOT analysis of Tesco Strengths The company has the largest market share in the UK. It has a 30.7 percent share in the market (Finch 2009). The market share of the company in the food products segments is expected to grow hence consolidating its market share and influence in the industry. The company has many customers who are loyal to the company The company has a recognized brand name that improves its image. The improvement in the brand name is mainly brought about by the financial stability of the company. Tesco became the first UK Company to post 2 billion pounds in the year 2005. In the year 2009, when most of the UK companies were adversely affected by the financial crisis Tesco made a profit of 3 billion pounds. In addition, the company has high growths in its income. Strong investments in the use of IT and information systems in its operations offer Tesco a competitive advantage compare to its competitors. Club card memb ership, Tesco online and point of sale ensure that the company attracts more customers (Rainer and Cegielski 2009 p. 327. Tesco online and point of sale provide additional source of revenue to the company. Weaknesses The stiff competition from the other supermarket chains The company also relies heavily on the UK market to fuel its growth Changing economic conditions in the countries where company has operations Opportunities Growth in the markets in other countries There is fast growth in the non-food retail sector. Tesco mainly depends on the sale of food products. This market segment has experienced rapid growth in recent time hence enabling Tesco to greatly benefit from the growth Tesco has also diversified the products it now offers in the shelves. Apart from the traditional food products, the company also offers other products such as electronics and beauty products. Diversification into other products such as financial services and insurance through Tesco.com (Shajahan 2007 p 250) Threats Price wars seem to be gaining pace in the UK market. The acquisition of Asda by Wal-Mart is expected to result in stiff competition in the retail industry. In addition, stiff competition in the UK market by the other large competitors is an expected threat, and so is the heavy cost of international investments. Competitive advantage Due to the fact, the company is the leading retailer in the UK; this factor may enable it to have better growth than the other companies that operate in the same field. The information systems of the company also give it a competitive advantage over its competitors. The point of sale and the clubs card system help in increasing the sales of the company. The club card system ensures the personalization of the services given to the customers hence leading to improvement of the consumer loyalty to the company. Critical success factors The company should ensure that it stop being over reliant on the UK market. The market in other countries has a higher growth potential than the UK. The UK is saturated by the presence of large retailers who offer stiff competition, therefore curtailing the growth in the UK retail market. Venturing into the developing markets would be of great importance in reducing the over reliance on the UK market as the markets offer a higher rate of growth hence ensuring the financial profitability of the company. The company should also strive to continuously invest in information technology and information system. These are the main factors that will lead to the growth of the company in the foreseeable future. The diversification into other non-food products will also ensure the success of the company. By providing a wide range of products, the company will be able to reach out to more people. The diversification also ensures that the company stops being over reliant on one product type and therefore cushion it from any price wars in the food products. Discussion of strategy Short term goals The comp any intends to improve on the current information systems to ensure that the information derived from it covers most aspects of the business. The target in this financial year is to ensure that the company can ensure that the club card members will account for 50 percent of the sales made by the customers of the company. In addition, the company intends to ensure the club card members get personalized information regarding what they may prefer to buy once after every two months. The company intends to appoint an independent client to handle the development of it information systems. Medium term goals The company intends to set up a department, which will mainly deal with the information system requirements of the company. These will remove the subcontracting of the information systems to third parties who may not effectively undertake the work as required by the company. Long terms goals The company intends to diversify its region of operation to other areas in the near future. Thes e branches will be semi autonomous and will not depend on the headquarters for information systems management. To ensure the complete semi autonomy the company intends to locate and set up keys centers from which the information systems of oversees branches will be monitored. This information will be further relayed to the main headquarters where it will be efficiently stored and interpreted. To facilitate this the company intends to ensure that avails the necessary infrastructure in ensuring that the company sets up an information architecture which will be able to capture all the aspects of the business. Conclusion Tesco holds a key position in the retail market industry. It is a market leader in the UK and some of the countries in which it has its operations. The strategic planning of its information systems would therefore greatly benefit it, as it would enable it to cope with the expected future changes in the information systems brought about mainly by its growth. The strategi c planning of the information systems shows that Tesco stands to gain greatly from effective planning of its information systems and this would give a competitive edge over most of its competitors. Reference List Finch, J., 2009. Tesco increases market share. Web. Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Communities and Local Government Committee. 2009. Market failure: can the traditional market survive? Ninth report of session 2008-09, Vol. 2: Oral and written evidence, Volume 2. NY: The Stationery Office. Griffiths, B. and Bingham, J., 2003. Morrison cleared to take over Safeway. London: The Independent. Web. Lang, T. and Heasman, M., 2004. Food wars: the global battle for mouths, minds and markets. London,  Earthscan. Rainer, R. K. and Cegielski, C. G., 2009. Introduction to Information Systems: Enabling and Transforming Business. NJ, John Wiley and Sons. This report on Tesco: strategic planning of information system was written and submitted by user Johnny Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Of Discourse by Francis Bacon

Of Discourse by Francis Bacon In her book Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse (1974), Lisa Jardine argues that Bacons Essays fall squarely under the heading of presentation or method of discourse. They are didactic, in Agricolas sense of presenting knowledge to someone in a form in which it may be believed and assimilated. . . . Basically these essays communicate precepts for the guidance of personal conduct in public affairs, based on Bacons own political experience. In the essay titled Of Discourse, Bacon explains how a person can lead the dance without appearing to dominate a conversation. You may find it worthwhile to compare Bacons aphoristic observations with the lengthier reflections offered by Jonathan Swift in Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation and by Samuel Johnson in Conversation. Of Discourse Some in their discourse desire rather commendation of wit, in being able to hold all arguments, than of judgment, in discerning what is true; as if it were a praise to know what might be said, and not what should be thought. Some have certain common-places and themes, wherein they are good, and want variety; which kind of poverty is for the most part tedious, and, when it is once perceived, ridiculous. The honourablest part of talk is to give the occasion; and again to moderate and pass to somewhat else, for then a man leads the dance. It is good in discourse, and speech of conversation, to vary and intermingle speech of the present occasion with arguments, tales with reasons, asking of questions with telling of opinions, and jest with earnest: for it is a dull thing to tire, and as we say now, to jade any thing too far. As for jest, there be certain things which ought to be privileged from it; namely, religion, matters of state, great persons, any mans present business of importance , any case that deserveth pity; yet there be some that think their wits have been asleep, except they dart out somewhat that is piquant, and to the quick; that is a vein which would be bridled; Parce, puer, stimulis, et fortius utere loris.* And, generally, men ought to find the difference between saltness and bitterness. Certainly, he that hath a satirical vein, as he maketh others afraid of his wit, so he had need be afraid of others memory. He that questioneth much, shall learn much, and content much; but especially if he apply his questions to the skill of the persons whom he asketh; for he shall give them occasion to please themselves in speaking, and himself shall continually gather knowledge; but let his questions not be troublesome, for that is fit for a poser; and let him be sure to leave other men their turns to speak: nay, if there be any that would reign and take up all the time, let him find means to take them oft, and to bring others on, as musicians use to do with those that dance too long galliards. If you dissemble sometimes your knowledge of that you are thought to know, you shall be thought, another time, to know that you know not. Speech of a mans self ought to be seldom, and well chosen. I knew one w as want to say in scorn, He must needs be a wise man, he speaks so much of himself: and there is but one case wherein a man may commend himself with good grace, and that is in commending virtue in another, especially if it be such a virtue whereunto himself pretendeth. Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used; for discourse ought to be as a field, without coming home to any man. I knew two noblemen, of the west part of England, whereof the one was given to scoff, but kept ever royal cheer in his house; the other would ask of those that had been at the others table, Tell truly, was there never a flout or dry blow given? To which the guest would answer, Such and such a thing passed. The lord would say, I thought he would mar a good dinner. Discretion of speech is more than eloquence; and to speak agreeable to him with whom we deal, is more than to speak in good words, or in good order. A good continued speech, without a good speech of interlocution, shows slowness; and a good reply, or second speech, without a good settled speech, showeth shallowness and weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the course, are yet nimblest in the turn: as it is betwixt the greyhound and the hare. To use too many circumstances, ere one come to the matter, is wearisome; to use none at all, is blunt. Â   (1625) * Spare the whip, boy, and hold tighter the reins (Ovid, Metamorphoses).

Neptunium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Neptunium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Neptunium  Basic Facts    Atomic Number: 93 Symbol: Np Atomic Weight: 237.0482 Discovery: E.M. McMillan and P.H. Abelson 1940 (United States) Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 Word Origin: Named after the planet Neptune. Isotopes: 20 isotopes of Neptunium are known. The most stable of these is neptunium-237, with a half-life of 2.14 million years Properties: Neptunium has a melting point of 913.2 K, boiling point of 4175 K, heat of fusion of 5.190 kJ/mol, sp. gr. 20.25 at 20 °C; valence 3, 4, 5, or 6. Neptunium is a silvery, ductile, radioactive metal. Three allotropes are known. At room temperature it exists primarily in an orthorhombic crystalline state. Uses: Neptunium-237 is used in neutron-detection equipment. Sources McMillan and Abelson produced neptunium-239 (half-life 2.3 days) by bombarding uranium with neutrons from a cyclotron at the U. of California at Berkeley. Neptunium is also found in very small quantities associated with uranium ores. Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth Element (Actinide Series) Density (g/cc): 20.25 Neptunium  Physical Data Melting Point (K): 913 Boiling Point (K): 4175 Appearance: silvery metal Atomic Radius (pm): 130 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 21.1 Ionic Radius: 95 (4e) 110 (3e) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (9.6) Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 336 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.36 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3 Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 4.720 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table Periodic Table of the Elements Chemistry Encyclopedia

The Crime of Computer Tampering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Crime of Computer Tampering - Essay Example The first has to do with the fact that there was every evidence that the defendant used the computer program unauthorized. This part of the debate may not be as much argumentative as the second, which has to do with the intension with which the defendant shut the computer down even though that action of shutting the computer down destroyed important computer data. In the first instance, not much can be said in favor of the defendant because he was guilty of the count of not seeking permission. But as far as the law on computer tampering does not come clear on whether or not a person must break both parts of the law before the person could be charged, lawyers of the defendant could still have a lot to argue in court. They could for example ask for evidence that the defendant took his action intensionally and base on that to plead for him. With reference to the court not accepting the defense that the defendant was not guilty of altering the programs because he did not change them, very little could be said in the defendant’s favor because the law only determines the end result and not the means to the end. Actually, as far as the single action of shutting down the computer resulted in the destruction of some the functioning of the computer, there is no way such defense could be

Analyze and explain the development of healthy relationships Essay

Analyze and explain the development of healthy relationships - Essay Example In this mini-paper, the following ingredients necessary for the development of healthy relationships will be elaborated on: (a) Love; (b) Good Communication; (c) Patience; (d) Trust; and (e) Loyalty. Rohn (2010) asserts that love is the basic requirement for a healthy relationship. It is more than just a feeling. It is a commitment to people around us and who mean to us that we will respect them and treat them justly at all costs. A relationship cannot be a fulfilling one if we compromise upon respect and dignity. Respect and be respected; love and be loved; and, this will ensure a satisfying relationship. Good communication waters the plant of a healthy relationship. It requires particular skills to have one’s ideas conveyed to the other person and to listen to his ideas patiently. One should try to let the other person know explicitly what one wants without having him solve the puzzle. Keeping others thinking what the actual problem is will do no good. While communicating, one must be humble and compromising instead of trying to control the other person’s thoughts and should be able to give space to his ideas too. Patience is another vital ingredient for a healthy relationship. We must understand that there will be times when our relations will disappoint us and vice versa, and that no person in this world is perfect. We also disappoint others and should expect others to fail us. It is patience that maintains a relationship through turmoil. Showing patience to others’ disagreements shows that we value them and respect their opinion, and this is natural for people to stay relaxed with people who tolerantly listen to them and try to understand the problem patiently. This fosters healthy relationships. When we trust the other person, this means that we are giving him enough space so that he can pursue his own interests, can make relationships and can do everything he wants without getting ourselves insecure and jealous. When we tell

Nutritional Study Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Nutritional Study Worksheet Essay Select one of the following topics to research: Coffee or caffeine Eggs Low-fat diets Low-carb diets Other nutrition topic approved by your instructor Research your topic using 2 nutrition articles that discuss your topic, but provide opposing viewpoints. Use the Internet, the University Library, or the search links provided in the Week 2 Electronic Reserve Readings to locate the articles. Write 50- to 200-word responses to each of the following questions based your findings. Use your own words and provide examples to support your answers. 1. What topic did you choose? Discuss the position of each of the two articles you selected. I choose eggs for this assignment. Each artlice talks about different nutritional value of eggs. For example one article focuses on how eggs can affect a persons hunger and in return help them maintain a healthy calorie count which can help them to maintain a healthier weight. The second article focused on how eggs are with cholesterol. 2. What health claims are stated in the articles, such as drinking coffee every day will lower one’s risk for cancer? The first article I read talked about eggs helping you control a hunger. They  claimed that eggs are healthier alternative to control your hunger. They did a study on a group od obese indiviuals who ate eggs with toast and low car jelly, and the second group ate a bagel with cream cheese and nonfat yogurt. Study showed that the group eating eggs was statisfied longer, which in return had them eating less. The second article I read talked about how eggs don’t affect your cholesterol. They had two diferent groups of healthy adults. The first group ate eggs for breakfast and the second group ate oatmeal. The study showed that eggs didn’t affect there cholestreal, it didn’t rise or lower it. 3. Do any of the articles claims seem too good to be true? Does it seem that the authors are seeking personal gain in any way? Explain your answers. I don’t think the articles seem to good to be true, they compared to different groups to one another to see if there hypothesis was either supported or not. They didn’t seem one sided, or trying to get personal gain from the statemetns. They were done by different schools, they were tring to better understand eggs, and the health of individuals. 4. What are the respective sources of these articles (testimonials, peer-reviewed study)? Both my articles were study completed by different schools such as Yale, and Saint Louis University. I would trust these sources the articles where put togethere by Science Letter Editors, â€Å"NewsRX†. So they were studies completed by different Universitys, which is how we obtain a great deal on other medical information. 5. Is the information presented in each article new or has it been studied extensively over time, achieving the same results? Both articles did there study over time. The first study about eggs affecting your hunger, they randomly separated the obese indiviuals in the study into two different groups had them eat the different breakfast meals prepared for the study. The study for the eggs affecting cholesterol as well was done  over time, they separated the healthy adults into two groups. They did mention in the article though that they did see the indivuals eating oatmeal had lower cholesterol. 6. Now that you have gone through the details of each article, do you have any reservations about the information in either one? If so, explain why. Has the process of analyzing the two articles changed your opinion on the topic? Explain your answer. I never thought much about eggs filling you more then other foods. I do eat eggs for breakfast I just don’t eat too much because I tend to get tired of them quickly. However I have heard things about how they affect your cholesterol, since I am young I am not concerned about my cholesterol levels. However now reading an article about a study that has been conducted I am informed so I can compare the knowledge I gained from it to other articles I may read in the future. Diet nutrition; egg nutrition center-cofunded study indicates eggs for breakfast aid weight control. (2006). Science Letter, , 510. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/209128523?accountid=458 Diet nutrition; study suggests that eggs may not contribute to heart disease in healthy adults. (2005). Science Letter, , 559. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/209238077?accountid=458